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integers 

Whole numbers from negative infinity to infinity, such as 1, 0, -5, etc.

float 

Short for “floating point number,” any rational number, usually used with decimals such as 2.8 or 3.14159.

strings 

A set of letters, numbers, or other characters.

tuples 

A list with a fixed number of elements. ie x=(1,2,3) parentheses makes it a tuple.

lists 

A list without a fixed number of elements. ie x=[1,2,3] note the square brackets, a list

dictionaries 

A type with multiple elements i.e. x = {1: ‘a’,’b’: 2,3: 3} where you address the elements with, e.g., a text..

Taken from: http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Python/Basic_data_types