Una de las utiliidades\u00a0de C++ es la existencia de “strings”\u009d (cadenas de texto) como parte del lenguaje.<\/p>\n
A continuaci\u00f3n veremos su manejo primero con un ejemplo sencillo:<\/p>\n
#e0e0e0; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfcfc;\">#include<\/a> <\/span>string<\/span>><\/span>
#include<\/a> <\/span>iostream<\/span>><\/span>
using namespace std<\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>
<\/span>
main<\/strong><\/span>(<\/strong><\/span>)<\/strong><\/span>
<\/span>{<\/strong><\/span>
string mensaje<\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>
mensaje <\/span>=<\/span> \"Hola\"<\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>
cout <\/span> mensaje<\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>
<\/span>}<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/pre>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
El manejo b\u00e1sico de las cadenas no presenta alguna\u00a0dificultad:<\/p>\n
\n- Se declaran como cualquier otra variable( string cadena )<\/li>\n
- Se les asigna valor con el signo = , como se hace con los n\u00fameros enteros.<\/li>\n
- Su valor se muestra en pantalla con “cout”\u009d, igual que para las dem\u00e1s variables.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
As\u00ed que veamos otro ejemplo un poco m\u00e1s complejo:\u00a0<\/p>\n
#e0e0e0; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfcfc;\">#include<\/a> <\/span>string<\/span>><\/span>
15: <\/span>#include<\/a> <\/span>iostream<\/span>><\/span>
16: <\/span>using namespace std<\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>
17: <\/span>
18: <\/span><\/span>main<\/strong><\/span>(<\/strong><\/span>)<\/strong><\/span>
19: <\/span><\/span>{<\/strong><\/span>
20: <\/span> string texto1<\/span>,<\/strong><\/span> texto2 <\/span>=<\/span> \"Hola \"<\/span>,<\/strong><\/span> texto3<\/span>(<\/strong><\/span>\"Que tal\"<\/span>)<\/strong><\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>
21: <\/span>
22: <\/span> texto1 <\/span>=<\/span> texto2 <\/span>+<\/span> texto3 <\/span>+<\/span> \" estas? \"<\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>
23: <\/span> cout <\/span> texto1 <\/span> \"n\"<\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>
24: <\/span> string subcadena <\/span>(<\/strong><\/span>texto1<\/span>,<\/strong><\/span> #a52a2a; font-size: medium;\">2<\/span>,<\/strong><\/span> #a52a2a; font-size: medium;\">6<\/span>)<\/strong><\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\/\/ 6 letras de texto1, desde la tercera
25: <\/span><\/em><\/span> cout <\/span> subcadena <\/span> \"n\"<\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>
26: <\/span> string subcadena2<\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>
27: <\/span> subcadena2 <\/span>=<\/span> texto1.substr<\/span>(<\/strong><\/span>#a52a2a; font-size: medium;\">0<\/span>,<\/strong><\/span> #a52a2a; font-size: medium;\">5<\/span>)<\/strong><\/span>;<\/strong><\/span> \/\/ 5 letras de texto1, desde el comienzo
28: <\/span><\/em><\/span> texto1.insert<\/span>(<\/strong><\/span>#a52a2a; font-size: medium;\">5<\/span>,<\/strong><\/span> \"Juan \"<\/span>)<\/strong><\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\/\/ Inserto un texto en la posicion 6
29: <\/span><\/em><\/span> cout <\/span> texto1 <\/span> \"n\"<\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>
30: <\/span> texto2.replace<\/span>(<\/strong><\/span>#a52a2a; font-size: medium;\">1<\/span>,<\/strong><\/span> #a52a2a; font-size: medium;\">2<\/span>,<\/strong><\/span> \"ad\"<\/span>)<\/strong><\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\/\/ Cambio 2 letras en la posicion 2
31: <\/span><\/em><\/span> cout <\/span> texto2 <\/span> \"n\"<\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>
32: <\/span> cout <\/span> \"La longitud de texto1 es \"<\/span> texto1.size<\/span>(<\/strong><\/span>)<\/strong><\/span> \"n\"<\/span>;<\/strong><\/span>
33: <\/span> cout <\/span> \"La tercera letra de texto1 es \"<\/span> texto1<\/span>[<\/strong><\/span>#a52a2a; font-size: medium;\">2<\/span>]<\/strong><\/span>
34: <\/span> <\/span> \" o bien \"<\/span> texto1.at<\/span>(<\/strong><\/span>#a52a2a; font-size: medium;\">2<\/span>)<\/strong><\/span>