Tag Archives: #313131

#Mastery28 #Tc1017

Posted on 06/05/2015 by Juan Pablo Gonzalez Huezzo | Comments Off

Reading and writing of files in C++

Se requiere de la libreria llamada fstream.

Hay maneras de elegir el tipo de variable. dependiendo los propositos

Data Type	Description
ofstream	This data type represents the output file stream and is used to create files and to write information to files.
ifstream	This data type represents the input file stream and is used to read information from files.
fstream	This data type represents the file stream generally, and has the capabilities of both ofstream and ifstream which means it can create files, write information to files, and read information from files.

Usamos esta para tomar los valores en el sudoku por ejemplo.

Se llama el archivo a la hora de correr el programa.

Comments Off on #Mastery28 #Tc1017

Posted in Blogs, Syndicated, TC1017 Blogs

Tagged #313131, #333333, #dddddd, #eeeeee

#mastery28 #TC1017

Posted on 06/05/2015 by Mitzi Hernandez | Comments Off

#mastery28 #TC1017

Reading and writing of files in C++

So far, we have been using the iostream standard library, which provides cin and coutmethods for reading from standard input and writing to standard output respectively.

This tutorial will teach you how to read and write from a file. This requires another standard C++ library called fstream, which defines three new data types:

Data Type	Description
ofstream	This data type represents the output file stream and is used to create files and to write information to files.
ifstream	This data type represents the input file stream and is used to read information from files.
fstream	This data type represents the file stream generally, and has the capabilities of both ofstream and ifstream which means it can create files, write information to files, and read information from files.

To perform file processing in C++, header files and must be included in your C++ source file.

Opening a File:

A file must be opened before you can read from it or write to it. Either the ofstream orfstream object may be used to open a file for writing and ifstream object is used to open a file for reading purpose only.

Following is the standard syntax for open() function, which is a member of fstream, ifstream, and ofstream objects.

#D6D6D6 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D6D6D6 .75pt; padding: 4.0pt 4.0pt 4.0pt 4.0pt; background: #EEEEEE;”>

void open(const char *filename, ios::openmode mode);

Here, the first argument specifies the name and location of the file to be opened and the second argument of the open() member function defines the mode in which the file should be opened.

Mode Flag	Description
ios::app	Append mode. All output to that file to be appended to the end.
ios::ate	Open a file for output and move the read/write control to the end of the file.
ios::in	Open a file for reading.
ios::out	Open a file for writing.
ios::trunc	If the file already exists, its contents will be truncated before opening the file.

You can combine two or more of these values by ORing them together. For example if you want to open a file in write mode and want to truncate it in case it already exists, following will be the syntax:

#D6D6D6 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D6D6D6 .75pt; padding: 4.0pt 4.0pt 4.0pt 4.0pt; background: #EEEEEE;”>

ofstream outfile;

outfile.open(“file.dat”, ios::out | ios::trunc );

Similar way, you can open a file for reading and writing purpose as follows:

#D6D6D6 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D6D6D6 .75pt; padding: 4.0pt 4.0pt 4.0pt 4.0pt; background: #EEEEEE;”>

fstream afile;

afile.open(“file.dat”, ios::out | ios::in );

Closing a File

When a C++ program terminates it automatically closes flushes all the streams, release all the allocated memory and close all the opened files. But it is always a good practice that a programmer should close all the opened files before program termination.

Following is the standard syntax for close() function, which is a member of fstream, ifstream, and ofstream objects.

#D6D6D6 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D6D6D6 .75pt; padding: 4.0pt 4.0pt 4.0pt 4.0pt; background: #EEEEEE;”>

void close();

Writing to a File:

While doing C++ programming, you write information to a file from your program using the stream insertion operator (

Reading from a File:

You read information from a file into your program using the stream extraction operator (>>) just as you use that operator to input information from the keyboard. The only difference is that you use an ifstream or fstream object instead of the cin object.

Comments Off on #mastery28 #TC1017

Posted in Blogs, Syndicated, TC1017 Blogs

Tagged #000088, #008800, #121214, #313131, #333333, #666600, #D, #d6d6d6, #dddddd, #eeeeee, #mastery28, #TC, #TC1017, Mastery

#mastery24 #TC1017

Posted on 06/05/2015 by Mitzi Hernandez | Comments Off

#mastery24 #TC1017

Creation and use of vectors in C++

C++ provides a data structure, the array, which stores a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type.

Instead of declaring individual variables, such as number0, number1, …, and number99, you declare one array variable such as numbers and use numbers[0], numbers[1], and …, numbers[99] to represent individual variables. A specific element in an array is accessed by an index.

All arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest address corresponds to the first element and the highest address to the last element.

Declaring Arrays:

To declare an array in C++, the programmer specifies the type of the elements and the number of elements required by an array as follows:

#D6D6D6 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D6D6D6 .75pt; padding: 4.0pt 4.0pt 4.0pt 4.0pt; background: #EEEEEE;”>

type arrayName [ arraySize ];

This is called a single-dimension array. The arraySize must be an integer constant greater than zero and type can be any valid C++ data type. For example, to declare a 10-element array called balance of type double, use this statement:

#D6D6D6 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D6D6D6 .75pt; padding: 4.0pt 4.0pt 4.0pt 4.0pt; background: #EEEEEE;”>

double balance[10];

Comments Off on #mastery24 #TC1017

Posted in Blogs, Syndicated, TC1017 Blogs

Tagged #000088, #006666, #121214, #313131, #333333, #666600, #D, #d6d6d6, #eeeeee, #Mastery24, #TC, #TC1017, Mastery

Mastery 24

Posted on 06/05/2015 by Mauricio Cooper | Comments Off

Creation and use of arrays in C++

C++ provides a data structure, the array, which stores a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type.

All arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest address corresponds to the first element and the highest address to the last element.

Declaring Arrays:

To declare an array in C++, the programmer specifies the type of the elements and the number of elements required by an array as follows:

#d6d6d6;">type arrayName [ arraySize ];

This is called a single-dimension array. The arraySize must be an integer constant greater than zero and type can be any valid C++ data type. For example, to declare a 10-element array called balance of type double, use this statement:

#d6d6d6;">double balance[10];

Initializing Arrays:

You can initialize C++ array elements either one by one or using a single statement as follows:

#d6d6d6;">double balance[5] = {1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 17.0, 50.0};

The number of values between braces { } can not be larger than the number of elements that we declare for the array between square brackets [ ]. Following is an example to assign a single element of the array:

If you omit the size of the array, an array just big enough to hold the initialization is created. Therefore, if you write:

#d6d6d6;">double balance[] = {1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 17.0, 50.0};

You will create exactly the same array as you did in the previous example.

#d6d6d6;">balance[4] = 50.0;

The above statement assigns element number 5th in the array a value of 50.0. Array with 4th index will be 5th, i.e., last element because all arrays have 0 as the index of their first element which is also called base index. Following is the pictorial representaion of the same array we discussed above:

Credits:

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_arrays.htm

http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/arrays/

#TC1017 #Mastery24

Comments Off on Mastery 24

Posted in Blogs, Syndicated, TC1017 Blogs

Tagged #000000, #000088, #006666, #121214, #313131, #333333, #666600, #cccccc, #d6d6d6, #eeeeee, #Mastery24, #TC, #TC1017, Mastery

Mastery 20

Posted on 06/05/2015 by Mauricio Cooper | Comments Off

Use of loops with “for”

A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write a loop that needs to execute a specific number of times.

Syntax:

The syntax of a for loop in C++ is:

#d6d6d6; font-size: 12px; overflow: auto; color: #313131; background-color: #eeeeee;">for ( init; condition; increment )
{
   statement(s);
}

Here is the flow of control in a for loop:

The init step is executed first, and only once. This step allows you to declare and initialize any loop control variables. You are not required to put a statement here, as long as a semicolon appears.
Next, the condition is evaluated. If it is true, the body of the loop is executed. If it is false, the body of the loop does not execute and flow of control jumps to the next statement just after the for loop.
After the body of the for loop executes, the flow of control jumps back up to theincrement statement. This statement allows you to update any loop control variables. This statement can be left blank, as long as a semicolon appears after the condition.
The condition is now evaluated again. If it is true, the loop executes and the process repeats itself (body of loop, then increment step, and then again condition). After the condition becomes false, the for loop terminates.

Flow Diagram:

Example:

#d6d6d6; font-size: 12px; overflow: auto; color: #313131; background-image: url('http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/images/try-it.jpg') !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: 100% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat !important;">#include 
using namespace std;
 
int main ()
{
   // for loop execution
   for( int a = 10; a  20; a = a + 1 )
   {
       cout  "value of a: "  a  endl;
   }
 
   return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:

#d6d6d6; font-size: 12px; overflow: auto; color: #313131; background-color: #eeeeee;">value of a: 10
value of a: 11
value of a: 12
value of a: 13
value of a: 14
value of a: 15
value of a: 16
value of a: 17
value of a: 18
value of a: 19

Credits:

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_for_loop.htm

#TC1017 #Mastery20

Comments Off on Mastery 20

Posted in Blogs, Syndicated, TC1017 Blogs

Tagged #000000, #000088, #006666, #008800, #121214, #313131, #666600, #880000, #cccccc, #d6d6d6, #eeeeee, #include, #Mastery20, #TC, #TC1017, Mastery

Mastery 19

Posted on 06/05/2015 by Mauricio Cooper | Comments Off

Use of loops with “while”

A while loop statement repeatedly executes a target statement as long as a given condition is true.

Syntax:

The syntax of a while loop in C++ is:

#d6d6d6; font-size: 12px; overflow: auto; color: #313131; background-color: #eeeeee;">while(condition)
{
   statement(s);
}

Here, statement(s) may be a single statement or a block of statements. The condition may be any expression, and true is any non-zero value. The loop iterates while the condition is true.

When the condition becomes false, program control passes to the line immediately following the loop.

Flow Diagram:

Here, key point of the while loop is that the loop might not ever run. When the condition is tested and the result is false, the loop body will be skipped and the first statement after the while loop will be executed.

Example:

#d6d6d6; font-size: 12px; overflow: auto; color: #313131; background-image: url('http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/images/try-it.jpg') !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: 100% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat !important;">#include 
using namespace std;
 
int main ()
{
   // Local variable declaration:
   int a = 10;

   // while loop execution
   while( a  20 )
   {
       cout  "value of a: "  a  endl;
       a++;
   }
 
   return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:

#d6d6d6; font-size: 12px; overflow: auto; color: #313131; background-color: #eeeeee;">value of a: 10
value of a: 11
value of a: 12
value of a: 13
value of a: 14
value of a: 15
value of a: 16
value of a: 17
value of a: 18
vuale of a: 19

Credits:

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_while_loop.htm

#TC1017 #Mastery18

Comments Off on Mastery 19

Posted in Blogs, Syndicated, TC1017 Blogs

Tagged #000088, #006666, #008800, #121214, #313131, #666600, #880000, #cccccc, #d6d6d6, #eeeeee, #include, #mastery18, #TC, #TC1017, Mastery

Mastery 18

Posted on 06/05/2015 by Mauricio Cooper | Comments Off

Nesting of conditional statements

It is always legal to nest if-else statements, which means you can use one if or else if statement inside another if or else if statement(s).

Syntax:

The syntax for a nested if statement is as follows:

#d6d6d6; font-size: 12px; overflow: auto; color: #313131; background-color: #eeeeee;">if( boolean_expression 1)
{
   // Executes when the boolean expression 1 is true
   if(boolean_expression 2)
   {
      // Executes when the boolean expression 2 is true
   }
}

You can nest else if…else in the similar way as you have nested if statement.

Example:

#d6d6d6; font-size: 12px; overflow: auto; color: #313131; cursor: default; background-image: url('http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/images/try-it.jpg') !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: 100% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat !important;">#include 
using namespace std;
 
int main ()
{
   // local variable declaration:
   int a = 100;
   int b = 200;
 
   // check the boolean condition
   if( a == 100 )
   {
       // if condition is true then check the following
       if( b == 200 )
       {
          // if condition is true then print the following
          cout  "Value of a is 100 and b is 200"  endl;
       }
   }
   cout  "Exact value of a is : "  a  endl;
   cout  "Exact value of b is : "  b  endl;
 
   return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:

#d6d6d6; font-size: 12px; overflow: auto; color: #313131; background-color: #eeeeee;">Value of a is 100 and b is 200
Exact value of a is : 100
Exact value of b is : 200

Credits:

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_nested_if.htm

#TC1017 #Mastery18

Comments Off on Mastery 18

Posted in Blogs, Syndicated, TC1017 Blogs

Tagged #000088, #006666, #008800, #121214, #313131, #333333, #666600, #7f0055, #880000, #cccccc, #d6d6d6, #eeeeee, #include, #mastery18, #TC, #TC1017, Mastery

Tag Archives: #313131

#Mastery28 #Tc1017

#mastery28 #TC1017

#mastery24 #TC1017

Mastery 24

Declaring Arrays:

Initializing Arrays:

Mastery 20

Syntax:

Flow Diagram:

Example:

Mastery 19

Syntax:

Flow Diagram:

Example:

Mastery 18

Syntax:

Example:

Weekly Video

What should you work on?

Popular Tags. Add some to your posts!

Recent Posts

Recent Comments

Archives

Categories

Meta

Meta

Meta