Mastery 10

Basic output (printing) and inpur (text based) in C++

The standard library defines a handful of stream objects that can be used to access what are considered the standard sources and destinations of characters by the environment where the program runs:

Standard output (cout)

On most program environments, the standard output by default is the screen, and the C++ stream object defined to access it is cout.

For formatted output operations, cout is used together with the insertion operator, which is written as << (i.e., two “less than” signs).

cout << "Output sentence"; // prints Output sentence on screen
cout << 120;               // prints number 120 on screen
cout << x;                 // prints the value of x on screen  

Standard input (cin)

In most program environments, the standard input by default is the keyboard, and the C++ stream object defined to access it is cin.

For formatted input operations, cin is used together with the extraction operator, which is written as >> (i.e., two "greater than" signs). This operator is then followed by the variable where the extracted data is stored. For example:

int age;
cin >> age;

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