This week: finish and work in all the masteries and WSQ’s that I haven’t done yet
Next week: focus on the WSQ and quiz for that week and start the final proyect
3rd week: I will be doing the rest of the masteries in order to have the 40 points and keep focusing on the sudoku code
Final week: Just put my brain into finishing the god damn sudoku, but I’ll already done all the WSQ and quizes
Quick tip for all my bros
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Use of “switch” as a conditional
A switch statement allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of values. Each value is called a case, and the variable being switched on is checked for each case.
The syntax for a switch statement in C++ is as follows:
switch(expression){ case constant-expression : statement(s); break; //optional case constant-expression : statement(s); break; //optional // you can have any number of case statements. default : //Optional statement(s); }
The following rules apply to a switch statement:
The expression used in a switch statement must have an integral or enumerated type, or be of a class type in which the class has a single conversion function to an integral or enumerated type.
You can have any number of case statements within a switch. Each case is followed by the value to be compared to and a colon.
The constant-expression for a case must be the same data type as the variable in the switch, and it must be a constant or a literal.
When the variable being switched on is equal to a case, the statements following that case will execute until a break statement is reached.
When a break statement is reached, the switch terminates, and the flow of control jumps to the next line following the switch statement.
Not every case needs to contain a break. If no break appears, the flow of control will fall throughto subsequent cases until a break is reached.
A switch statement can have an optional default case, which must appear at the end of the switch. The default case can be used for performing a task when none of the cases is true. No break is needed in the default case.
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Creating your own and using C++ libraries
This time I decide to make a video about this. Enjoy!
Importing and using C++ libraries
This will be useful for the WSQ11 where we had to do what I’m going to explain in order to make the program run. The library is the BigInteger for the YoSoy196 program.
1. You #include the header file (.h) file in your project as necessary.
2. You list the import library (.lib) in the Linker->Input->Additional Dependencies section of your project settings.
3. You place the DLL itself (.dll) in the same directory as the executable. so it can be found at run time.
It’s super easy, everyone can do it.
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Creating functions in C++
Functions allow to structure programs in segments of code to perform individual tasks.
In C++, a function is a group of statements that is given a name, and which can be called from some point of the program. The most common syntax to define a function is:
type name ( parameter1, parameter2, ...) { statements }
Where:
– type is the type of the value returned by the function.
– name is the identifier by which the function can be called.
– parameters (as many as needed): Each parameter consists of a type followed by an identifier, with each parameter being separated from the next by a comma. Each parameter looks very much like a regular variable declaration (for example:int x), and in fact acts within the function as a regular variable which is local to the function. The purpose of parameters is to allow passing arguments to the function from the location where it is called from.
– statements is the function’s body. It is a block of statements surrounded by braces { } that specify what the function actually does.
|
The first result is 5 The second result is 5 The third result is 2 The fourth result is 6 |
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Calling functions in C++
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int addition (int a, int b)
{
int r;
r=a+b;
return r;
}
int main ()
{
int z;
z = addition (5,3);
cout << "The result is " << z;
}
This program is divided in two functions: addition and main. Remember that no matter the order in which they are defined, a C++ program always starts by calling main. In fact, main is the only function called automatically, and the code in any other function is only executed if its function is called from main (directly or indirectly).
In the example above, main begins by declaring the variable z of type int, and right after that, it performs the first function call: it calls addition. The call to a function follows a structure very similar to its declaration. In the example above, the call to addition can be compared to its definition just a few lines earlier:
The parameters in the function declaration have a clear correspondence to the arguments passed in the function call. The call passes two values, 5 and 3, to the function; these correspond to the parameters a and b, declared for functionaddition.
At the point at which the function is called from within main, the control is passed to function addition: here, execution of main is stopped, and will only resume once the addition function ends. At the moment of the function call, the value of both arguments (5 and 3) are copied to the local variables int a and int b within the function.
Then, inside addition, another local variable is declared (int r), and by means of the expression r=a+b, the result of aplus b is assigned to r; which, for this case, where a is 5 and b is 3, means that 8 is assigned to r.
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Basic output (printing) and inpur (text based) in C++
The standard library defines a handful of stream objects that can be used to access what are considered the standard sources and destinations of characters by the environment where the program runs:
| stream | description |
|---|---|
cin |
standard input stream |
cout |
standard output stream |
cerr |
standard error (output) stream |
clog |
standard logging (output) stream |
On most program environments, the standard output by default is the screen, and the C++ stream object defined to access it is cout.
For formatted output operations, cout is used together with the insertion operator, which is written as << (i.e., two “less than” signs).
cout << "Output sentence"; // prints Output sentence on screen
cout << 120; // prints number 120 on screen
cout << x; // prints the value of x on screen
In most program environments, the standard input by default is the keyboard, and the C++ stream object defined to access it is cin.
For formatted input operations, cin is used together with the extraction operator, which is written as >> (i.e., two "greater than" signs). This operator is then followed by the variable where the extracted data is stored. For example:
int age;
cin >> age;Comments Off on Mastery 10
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