--Originally published at Welcome to the Heaven

The dictionaries in Python are very similar to a list. The dictionaries can be directly defined or can start in blank and over time you add some values and words or delete some.

The dictionaries write inside keys {} and the values and words with two points:

Example = {"my":12,"first":24,"dictionary":36}

So now with this variable you have already a dictionary and you can call one, two, three or any number of items that you want or change, delete or add one.

down = {“example”:picture}

In the picture you can see how I create a dictionary in white and after I add some values to it.

We can have access to specific items in the dictionary, as you can see in the second print we do it.

If you don’t want to have a KeyError in some key that you do not know if has a value you can use .get that returns None(if the key does not have it), the example of this is the last two prints.

More information? and you want my source?

If you want another different post of the same topic. Is from the blog of one friend.

--Originally published at Welcome to the Heaven

Writing and reading comments is pretty easy, we only need create a text file, open and select the mode that we will use.

Open()

First we need to create a variable with the code: example:

text = open(file_name,mode)

Mode

Exist four kinds of modes: “r”, “w”, “a” and “r+”.

“r”->Only for reading

“w”->Writing(if you  have already a file with the same name will be erased)

“a”->Open the file to append any type of data

“r+”->Reading and Writing

Example

Writing

I am going to use “shot”
as a name, and if you see the picture I don’t have any file with this name. So if you write the code of the next picture, your program is going to create a new file with the name that you want and with the
text that you write. 

When you run your program in the terminal nothing is going to change, but if you search the file you will find it. Remember, if you have already a file with the same name will be erased.

Reading

I am going to use the file shot for the example.

If you don’t write “()” at the final of file.read, when you run the program will print you the same as the first time.

More information and the source.

--Originally published at Welcome to the Heaven

When you are a beginner, you can have a lot of mistakes in your first programs and I guess that one of the most frustrating are the:

ValueError

Because the user did not write the input in the correct way. We can fix it with a loop with try and except.

 

--Originally published at Welcome to the Heaven

The strings are the most common type. Beside is pretty easy to create and to use. We can use the strings in the way that we want. Let’s see some examples of how we can do it.

As you can see, create a string is much easier than create any type and we can do a lot a things with it. In the third example we create another string with the last string and we can do “More”. For this reason the strings are awesome.

BUT, WAIT!!! I have not finished. I am going to show you 3 tables that can help you a lot in the future.

And when you want to use the string format operator “%” the have a lot of options for you:

These tables are not mine!! If you want to see more information you can make click at any table or in the next word->More information.